Muscle & Mitochondrial Biology

Compounds studied in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial function and exercise biology. Appearing here means a compound has been studied in this area, not that it works. Open a profile to see the type of evidence and its limits.

ACE-031

Recombinant soluble activin receptor type IIB fusion protein; ligand trap; myostatin/activin-pathway inhibitor

AICAR

Synthetic adenosine analog (nucleoside, not a peptide); cell-permeable precursor of ZMP, an AMP mimetic; AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator

Follistatin-344

Endogenous follistatin precursor isoform; activin-binding protein; myostatin-pathway antagonist

GDF-8 (Myostatin)

Endogenous secreted signaling protein of the TGF-β superfamily; negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass; activin type II receptor (ActRIIB/ActRIIA) ligand

IGF-1 LR3

Engineered recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 analogue; IGF-1 receptor agonist; reduced IGF-binding-protein-affinity analogue

L-Carnitine

Endogenous quaternary ammonium compound; mitochondrial fatty-acid transport cofactor; conditionally essential nutrient

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)

Splice variant of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene and its 24-amino-acid C-terminal E-domain peptide; proposed local (autocrine/paracrine) muscle-repair signal; receptor not identified

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP); 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA

PEG-MGF

PEGylated synthetic peptide based on the E-domain region associated with an IGF-1 splice variant; experimental research peptide

SLU-PP-332

Synthetic small-molecule estrogen-related receptor pan-agonist; ERRα/β/γ agonist; experimental exercise-mimetic compound

SS-31

Mitochondria-targeting aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide; mitochondrial cardiolipin-binding peptide